Boloetse ba Addison ("lefu la borone") ke lefu le sa tloaelehang la tsamaiso ea endocrine, e qalileng ho hlalosoa bohareng ba lekholong la XIX la lilemo le ngaka ea ngaka ea Senyesemane T. Addison. Batho ba pakeng tsa lilemo tse 20 le 50 ba kotsing ea lefu lena. Ho etsahala eng 'meleng ka lefu lena, ke lisosa life tse teng le mekhoa ea mekhoa ea kajeno ea kalafo, re tla e tsoela pele.
Mathata a Addison - etiology le pathogenesis
Boloetse ba Addison bo bakoa ke tšenyo e akaretsang ea adrenal cortex. Tabeng ena, ho na le ts'ebetso e fokotsang ea ho felisoa ha lihomone, haholo-holo glucocorticoids (cortisone le hydrocortisone) e laolang protheine, lik'habohaedreite le metabolism ea mafura, hammoho le mineralocorticoids (deoxycorticosterone le aldosterone) e ikarabellang bakeng sa taolo ea metabolism ea letsoai la metsi.
Karolo ea bohlano ea linyeoe tsa lefu lena ke tse sa tsejoeng. Har'a lintho tse tsebahalang tsa lefu la Addison, re ka khetholla tse latelang:
- sehlōhō sa hau sa adrenal cortex;
- AIDS;
- sephiri;
- adrenoleukodystrophy;
- lefuba la litšoelesa tsa adrenal;
- amyloidosis ;
- sarcoidosis;
- ho tlosoa ha li-gland tsa adrenal;
- ho fokotsa lik'hemik'hale tsa li-adrenal;
- phekolo ea nako e telele le li-hormone;
- likokoanyana tsa fungal.
Ho fokotseha ha tlhahiso ea mineralocorticoids ho lebisa tlhokomelong ea hore 'mele o lahleheloa ke sodium ka bongata, o felloa ke matla' meleng, 'me molumo oa ho potoloha mali le mekhoa e meng ea mafu e fokotseha. Ho haelloa ha likhahla tsa glucocorticoids ho lebisa ho tlōlo ea lik'habohaedreite metabolism, ho theoha ha tsoekere ea mali, le ho se sebetse ha methapo.
Matšoao a Mafu a Adison
Ka molao, ntshetsopele ea lefu la Addison le hlaha butle-butle, ho tloha likhoeli tse 'maloa ho ea ho tse' maloa, 'me matšoao a lona hangata a hlokomeloa ka nako e telele. Lefu lena le ka ba teng ha 'mele o e-na le tlhokahalo e kholo ea glucocorticoids, e ka amanang le khatello leha e le efe kapa ho kula.
Matšoao a lefu lena a kenyelletsa:
- mokhathala o potlakileng;
- bofokoli ba mesifa;
- ho fokotsa mohopolo;
- tahlehelo ea boima;
- ho senyeha ha pampiri ea meno;
- khatello e tlase ea mali;
- ho hloekisa ha letlalo (matheba a 'mala oa borone) - ho hlaha nako e telele pele ho hlaha matšoao a mang;
- Mofuthu ho lijo tsa letsoai le tse bolila;
- ho nyoroa;
- ho ilela khoeli ka tsela e tloaelehileng;
- ho thothomela ha matsoho , hlooho;
- motsoako o feteletseng;
- tachycardia le ba bang.
Mathata a mangata
Haeba matšoao a lefu lena a hlaha ka tšohanyetso ka potlako, ha ho na matla a mangata a ho ba teng habonolo. Boemo bona bo bitsoa "bothata ba addisonian" 'me bo kotsing ea bophelo. E iponahatsa ka matšoao a kang bohloko bo tšohanyetso boemong bo ka morao, mpa kapa maoto, ho hlatsa ho matla le letšollo, ho lahleheloa ke tsebo, lebala le letšo lelemeng le joalo.
Boloetse ba Addison - ho hlahlojoa
Haeba ho belaelloa hore lefu la Addison le le leng, liteko tsa laboratori li etsoa ho lemoha ho fokotseha ha litekanyetso tsa sodium le maemo a potassium, ho fokotseha ha tsoekere ea serumine, likarolo tse tlaase tsa corticosteroids maling, ho eketseha ha li-eosinophils le tse ling.
Boloetse ba Addison - kalafo
Phekolo ea lefu lena e itšetlehile ka phekolo ea hormone ea ho fetola lithethefatsi. Ka molao, ho haelloa ke cortisol ho nkeloa sebaka ke hydrocortisone, le ho hloka meriana ea corticosteroid
Ka bothata ba Addison, glucocorticoids e nang le methapo e mengata le mefuta e meholo ea saline tharollo le dextrose e laeloa, e lumellang ho ntlafatsa boemo le ho tlosa tšokelo ea bophelo.
Kalafo e akarelletsa lijo tse thibelang ho sebelisoa ha nama le ho tlosoa litapole tse halikiloeng, limela, linate, libanana (ho fokotsa ho ja potassium). Ntho e tloaelehileng ea ho noa letsoai, lik'habohaedreite le livithamine, haholo-holo C le B, e ntse e eketseha. Mantsoe ana a phekoloa ka nako e lekaneng le ka nako e nepahetseng ea lefu la Addison le molemo haholo.