Haeba ts'ebetso ea hematopoiesis e tšoenyeha mokopong oa masapo, lisele tse ngata tse sa ntseng li butsoitse li bitsoa li-lymphoblast. Haeba ka mor'a moo ba lokela ho ba li-lymphocyte, empa ho fetoha kankere ea mutated, acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Lefu lena le khetholloa ke ho nkeloa sebaka ha lisele tse tloaelehileng tsa mali ka li-clones, 'me li ka bokella feela marong le maseleng a eona, empa hape le likarolong tse ling.
Ho lemoha lefu la acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Tlhahlobo e nkiloeng e le ea ho hlahisa likarolo tsa mali e lumellana le ho ferekana ha mosebetsi oa setho sa 'mele. Ho arohana ha taolo ea lisele tsa immature (lymphoblasts) ho etsa hore li kenelle ka har'a lymph nodes, spleen, sebete, ho senya tsamaiso ea methapo ea mantlha. Ho feta moo, taba e tobileng ea lefu lena e kenyelletsa liphetoho mosebetsing oa 'mongo o khubelu oa masapo. O khaotsa ho hlahisa lisele tse khubelu tsa mali, liplatelete le leukocyte, ebe li nkela sebaka ka li-clones tsa pele ho phetoho ea lefutso.
Ho itšetlehile ka mofuta oa lisele tse amehileng ke kankere, lefu la mofuta oa T-lymphoblastic (T-cell) leukemia le B-linear li khetholloa. Mefuta e qetellang ea mefuta e mengata e etsahala hangata, hoo e ka bang 85% ea linyeoe.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia - sesosa
Ntho e etsang hore nts'etsopele ea lefu le hlalosoang ke phetoho e ke keng ea qojoa lichromosomes. Lisosa tse tobileng tsa ts'ebetso ena ha li e-s'o thehoe, kotsi ea kankere ea mofuta ona e hlaha maemong a latelang:
- mafu a mangata khafetsa;
- maloetse a se nang mokokotlo ho beng ka eena;
- ho hlahisa mahlaseli a kotsi, mahlaseli;
- mefokolo ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung;
- ho kenella 'meleng oa chefo ea mefuta e sa tšoaneng, ho akarelletsa - meriana;
- liphetoho tsa liphatsa tsa lefutso pele li hlaha;
- mafu a likokoana-hloko;
- e se e le lilemo tse fetang 70.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia - matšoao
E 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa lefu lena le hlahisitsoeng ke ho se tsejoe ha matšoao. Hangata li tšoana le ponahatso ea maloetse a mang, kahoo ho ka khoneha ho fumana lefu la kankere ea mali ka mor'a hore ho be le liteko tsa laboratori.
Matšoao a ka Khonehang:
- mafu a mangata a tšoaetsanoang, tonsillitis;
- bohloko mahetleng, ka linako tse ling-masapo;
- tachycardia ;
- ho se be le tahlehelo ea takatso ea lijo, ho lahleheloa ke boima ba 'mele
- khaello ea mali;
- lymph nodes e atolositsoeng (axillary, cervical le inguinal);
- ho tsoa maling mokhoeng oa molomo (ho tsoa mareneng), mala, ho tsoa nko;
- ponahalo ea likotlo le matetetso letlalong, matheba a khubelu;
- mocheso oa 'mele o eketsehileng;
- litšitiso mosebetsing oa tsamaiso ea genitourinary;
- ho eketseha ha molumo oa sebete, spleen;
- ho senya mahlo;
- ts'ebetso ea liphio e theohile.
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia - phekolo
Morero o rarahaneng o na le mehato e meraro:
- Ea pele ke chemotherapy e matla le cytostatics, glucocorticosteroid hormone le anthracycline. Sena se nolofalletsa ho finyelloa ho fokolloa ha lefu lena - ho fokotsa lintho tsa lymphoblasts meleng ea masapo ho 5%. Nako ea tlhahiso ea ho fokotsa ho fokotsoa ke hoo e ka bang libeke tse 6 ho isa ho tse 8 ka mor'a hore lefu lena
- Karolong ea bobeli ea phekolo, chemotherapy e ntse e tsoela pele, empa ka meriana e menyenyane, ho kopanya liphello le ho senya
lisele tse setseng tse sisinyehileng. Sena se u nolofalletsa ho emisa lefu la acute lymphoblastic le ho thibela ho khutla ha lefu lena nakong e tlang. Kakaretso ea nako eo ho ikopanya ho eona ho nka likhoeli tse 3 ho isa ho tse 8, nako e tobileng e khethoa ke ngaka e tlang ho ea ka tekanyo ea kankere ea mali. - Karolo ea boraro e bitsoa tšehetso. Nakong ena, hangata ho laetsoe methotrexate le 6-mercaptopurine. Ho sa tsotellehe nako e telele ea sethaleng sa ho qetela sa phekolo (lilemo tse 2-3), e mamelloa hantle, kaha ha e hloke hore motho a fumane li-hospitali - lipilisi li nkoa ke mokuli ka boithaopo.