Sehlopha sa bohlokoa sa likhomo tsa Holstein ka lebaka la boiteko ba bahlahisi ba ile ba khona ho nka maemo a holimo lefatšeng ka lits'ebetso tsohle tse ka sehloohong - li-fat content, li-protein tse nang le lihlahisoa tse ngata tsa lebese. Liphoofolo tsena tse ntle tse nang le tlhokomelo e nepahetseng li khona ho tlisa chelete e tsitsitseng le e tsitsitseng malapeng.
Ho ba le likhomo tsa likhomo tsa Holstein
Baholo ba Holstein ba tummeng ke likhomo tse ntšo le tse tšoeu tse tsoang Holland, Belgium, Jeremane. Baahi ba ile ba ba tlisa USA 'me ha nako e ntse e ea, ka lebaka la mosebetsi o motle oa ho ikatisa, o ka ntlafatsa haholo tlhahiso ea liphoofolo. Mekhoa ea kajeno ea Holstein e hlahisitsoeng ke e ntle haholo. E tumme bakeng sa lihlahisoa tse peli tsa lebese le ho boima ka boima liphoofolong tse nyenyane, kahoo li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa tlhahiso ea nama ea khoebo.
Cow cow Holstein - tlhaloso
Liphoofolo tsa lebese tsa Holstein tse tsoang ka ntle ho naha li fapane le likhomo tse ling kaofela, setsebi se nang le phihlelo se ka se khetholla habonolo mohlapeng o moholo. Molemo o ka sehloohong oa liphoofolo tsena - esita le ka lihlahisoa tse phahameng ka ho fetisisa tsa lebese, ha li fokolise mafura a lebese le liprotheine. Tlhaloso e khutšoanyane ea likhomo tse ntle haholo tsa Holstein:
- Torso ea sebōpeho sa mariha.
- Mahetla a le bophara ebile a telele.
- Lefu le leholo.
- Bothara bophara ho fihlela ho 64 cm.
- Ho lokoloha ho pharaletseng.
- Setho sa likhomo tsa Holstein se tebile (ho fihlela ho 86 cm).
- Moto e telele.
- Metsing ea joang ha e bitsoa haholo.
- Boima ba khomo e kholo e fihla ho lik'hilograma tse 700.
- Li-bull golshtinskih tse boima ba boima ba lik'hilograma tse 900.
- Boima ba namane bo ka ba 38-45 lik'hilograma.
- Boholo ba lipoho ha li pona li na le cm 160.
- Boima ba likhomo tse ponne ke cm 140-150.
Mobala oa Holstein oa mefuta
Baemeli ba mefuta ena ba na le liaparo tse ntšo le motley, karolo ena e ne e tsitsitsoe ka thata nakong ea ho ikatisa le mebala ea 'mala o fapaneng. Karolelano ea matheba a batsho le a masoeu a ka fapana haholo. Hangata ho na le manamane hoo e batlang e le batsho ka ho feletseng le matheba a khanyang mohatleng le maotong. Khomo ea Black-white-Holstein e ka tlisa bana ba khubelu le makhooa. Batho ba joalo ba ne ba sa lumelloa ho tsosolosoa, empa ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1970 ba khethiloe ho fumana mefuta e ikhethang.
Likhomo tsa Holstein li fana ka lebese le kae?
Ho itšetlehile ka sebaka se khethehileng sa boemo ba leholimo, karolelano ea lebese ea likhomo tsa Holstein e ka fapana haholo, ho phaella moo, tekanyo le boleng ba tlhokomelo li na le tšusumetso ho likarolo tsena. Ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, tlhahiso e itšetlehile ka sutu. Ka mohlala, batho ba khubelu le motley ba fana ka lebese ka karolo e ntle ea mafura a 3,95%, empa ka bongata ba bokahohle ka mor'a likhomo tsa batsho le tsa motley halofo. O ka bapisa lintlha tse phahameng tseo balemi ba Iseraele, USA le Russia ba li fumanang:
- Iseraeleng, selemo se seng le se seng lebese le fihlella lik'hilograma tse 10 000 ka mafura a 3.1% le liprotheine tse 3%.
- Amerika, selemo le selemo lihlahisoa tsa lebese li 9000 lik'hilograma, lihlahisoa tsa fatše 3.6%, protheine 3.2%.
- Russia, lihlahisoa tsa lebese li ka hare ho lik'hilograma tse 7 500 ka mafura a 3.8%.
Holstein peō - ho fepa namane
Namane ea lebese e na le tšusumetso e kholo ea tlhahiso ea batho ba baholo nakong e tlang. Potsong ea mokhoa o nepahetseng oa ho fepa manamane Holstein, lintho tsohle li lokela ho penta ho tloha hora ea pele ea bophelo:
- Ha ho kgothaletswe ho lieha tshebetso ea ho fepa ka lekhetlo la pele.
- Haeba ho hlokomeloa hore ho na le mali ka colostrum , ho molemo ho fana ka lesea sehlahisoa se futhumetseng ho 39 ° C ho tsoa ho khomo e 'ngoe.
- Palo ea colostrum e nyolohela ho lilithara tse 2,5, empa ha e holimo ho 5% ea boima ba eona.
- Letsatsi la pele la tse ling tse fepa namane ha le fanoe.
- Colostrum e fuoa 3-4 linako tse ling ka letsatsi.
- Ho eletsoa ho sebelisa senoelo sa teat ha u fepa.
- Ha a le lilemo li 15 palo ea colostrum e na le lilithara tse 8.
- Ha a le lilemo li 2, manamane a isoa lisele tsa sehlopha 'me a fana ka lebese ka kakaretso.
- Hay e fana ka bana ho tloha bekeng ea pele ea ho ba teng.
- Ntho e tloaelehileng ea furu e itšetlehile ka lilemo, likhole tse likhoeli tse tharo li fana ka lik'hilograma tse 1,4, le likhole tse likhoeli tse 6 - lik'hilograma tse 3.
- Ho tloha ka letsatsi la bone, ho tsejoa ho kenngoa lijong.
- Mokhoa oa ho tsepamisa mohopolo ka likhoeli tse tharo ke hoo e ka bang ka li-1.6-2 kg.
- Metso ea likhomo tsa Holstein e fanoa ho bana ha ba fihla lilemong tsa khoeli.
- Silase le haylage ea manamane li fuoa likhoeli tse peli.
Ho fokolloa ha li-gobies tsa Holstein bakeng sa nama
Amerika, likhomo tsa likhomo tsa Holstein li sebelisoa ka matla bakeng sa ho hlahisa nama ea khomo e ntle haholo. Ka Bophirimela, litlou tsa maqhalaha lia lengoa ka ho li fepa lijo tse nang le matla a khethehileng le furu e nyenyane. Ka mokhoa ona, li-bulls tsa Holstein li fumana boima ba 'mele' me li finyella maemo a hlokahalang ka nako e behiloe.
Mehato ea likhomo tse ntseng li hōla bakeng sa nama nama ea Holstein:
- Lipohoana tse sa tsoa tsoaloa li nka lebese le nkeloa sebaka ka mafura a 20%.
- Matsatsi a pele a 45-60 - lebese kapa lebese sebaka.
- Nakong ea ho qeta nako, bana ba fuoa motsoako oa lijo-thollo.
- Li-granulated starter bakeng sa namane Likhomo tsa ho roala Holstein li fana ka libeke tse 2.
- Tekanyo ea ho qala ho qala ho tloha ho 0.5 kg ho isa ho 0,750 lik'hilograma.
- Sebopeho se lekanngoang sa lijo tse omeletseng - 33% ke li-oats le liprotheine tse nang le li-protein tse nang le lik'hilograma tse 34%.
- Ka bekeng ea borobeli palo ea ho qaleha e fihla ho lik'hilograma tse 1,5.
- Lijo tse tsoang ho Holstein tse tlokomitsoeng li na le manamane - 80% ea lijo-thollo tse pshatlehileng, tse fokolang - 20%.
- Liprotheine tse nang le boima ba namane ea 180-340 lik'hilograma ke 16% lijong.
- Karolong ea ho qetela, palo ea poone e tlisoa ho 80% -90%.
Likotsi tsa ho ba leloko la Holstein
Kaha ba lakatsa ho reka likhomo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lebese, ho hlokahala hore ho ithute lintlha tse khethehileng tsa likhomo tsa Holstein le maemo a tlhokomelo ea bona. Ho bona lihlahisoa tse phahameng tsa lebese ka polasing ho ka khoneha feela ho fepa ka tsela e nepahetseng le mokhoa o rarahaneng oa tlhokomelo ea likhomo. Ke ho lakatsehang ho tseba melemo e meng ea mofuta ona:
- Milk Golshtinskaya mefuta ea likhomo e hloekile ebile e mamella maemo a sa tsitsitseng.
- Khatello ea kelello e na le phello e mpe bophelong ba liphoofolo.
- Ho fetola sebaka sa bolulo kapa lipalangoang ha motho a le moholo ho ka ama tlhahiso, ho molemo ho reka bakeng sa ho ikatisa manamane a manyenyane.
- Ha boemo ba leholimo bo batang, lihlahisoa tsa lebese tsa likhomo tsa Holstein lia fokotseha.
- Mariha, borries li hloka lijo tsa boleng bo phahameng.