Lintho tse ling tikolohong li na le tšusumetso e mpe 'meleng ka lebaka la ho ba le kutloisiso e matla ho' mele oa 'mele. Ka lebaka leo, ho ba le tšusumetso e fokolang ea mafu, e bakoang ke tlhahiso ea li-antibodies tse itseng (immunoglobulins E) ho kenngoa ha tšusumetso maling, lymph le tšoaetso ea lijo.
Mefuta ea liphetoho tse fokolang
Ka kakaretso, mefuta e 4 ea lefuba e hlalositsoeng e khethollehile.
Sehlopha sa pele se kenyelletsa likarabo tsa anaphylactic tsa allergen tsa mofuta o potlakileng. Li hlaolela ka potlako, ka mor'a metsotso e 'maloa kapa lihora tse seng kae ka mor'a hore u kopane le histamines.
Lefu la sehlopha sena le khetholloa ka keketseho ea ho khoneha le ho atolosoa ha marako a methapo ea mali, ho fokotseha ha methapo ea mesifa e boreleli. Sena se iponahatsa matšoao a latelang:
- urticaria;
- anaphylactic shock;
- tlhaselo ea lefu la pherekano ea bronchial (atopic);
- li-spasms;
- lijo-thollo tsa bohata;
- vasomotor rhinitis;
- ho ruruha ha liphatsa tsa lefutso;
- ho abeloa ha masiba a mangata a hlabang ka holim'a bronchioles.
Hape, liphello tse bohloko tsa 'mele li etsa hore motho a khohlela haholo, a be le nko, a sneezing le ho rohakana.
Mofuta oa bobeli oa lefu o bitsoa cytotoxic (cytolytic). E halefisoa ke ho lokolloa ha li-immunoglobulin eseng feela ea mofuta oa E, empa hape le tsa G le M. Liketsahalo tse tloaelehileng tsa tleliniking li hlokomeloa lihora tse 6 ka mor'a ho pepesehela tšusumetso, ho tsamaisana le lefu la likokoana-hloko 'meleng oa motho le ho fokotseha mesebetsing ea bona e sireletsang.
Hangata, karabo e joalo e bakoang ke lithethefatsi le mafu a itseng:
- Khohlano ea Rhesus;
- lefu la hemolytic;
- thrombocytopenia ;
- hemolytic anemia.
Ka tloaelo, mofuta ona oa lefu lena o ama masea le masea ho fihlela likhoeli tse 6, empa hape le teng ho batho ba baholo.
Mefuta e meng ea liphetoho tse fokolang e amahanngoa le ho lieha ho ts'ebetsong habonolo. Li kopantsoe le ho kenngoa ha mofuta oa ho ruruha oa mefuta e fapa-fapaneng ea lisele tsa leukocyte tse nkeloang sebaka ke lisele tse senyehileng ka mahlahahlaha a sebetsang.
Tsela ea ho hlasela ea mofuta o liehang
Sehlopha sa boraro sa lefu lena se bakoa hape ke tlhahiso ea li-immunoglobulins E, G le M.
Ponahalo ea matšoao e hlaha ka hare ho lihora tse 7-12 kamora ho kopana le motho ea nang le litlolo tse tsoang moeeng o ka ntle. Sehlopha sa matšoao se bitsoa mokhoa oa ho itšireletsa mafung a mabeli kapa thepa ea Arthus.
Lintho tse fapaneng tse fanoang ke mefuta e fapaneng ke tsa mafu a latelang:
- ramatiki ea ramatiki;
- dermatitis;
- systemic lupus erythematosus ;
- ho kopana;
- immunocomplex glomerulonephritis;
- boloetse ba serum.
Mofuta oa ho qetela oa ho itšoara habonolo o bitsoa hypersensitivity morao, ha o ntse o tsoela pele lihora tse 25-72 kamora ho kopana le histamines.
Matšoao a bonahalang:
- ho senya letlalo;
- mekhoa ea ho ruruha likarolong tsa pampiri ea meno;
- ho hlōloa ha pampiri ea phefumoloho.
Ke habohlokoa hore re hlokomele hore lipontšo tse joalo li tšoaneloa ke mokhoa oa ho hana li-transplant ka mor'a hore motho a fetisetsoe.
Thuso ea pele bakeng sa liphetoho tse fokolang
Ntlha ea pele, ho hlokahala hore u se ke ua kenyelletsa metsoalle leha e le efe eo u ka e khonang le litlhaku tse bohloko. Ha ho etsoa tlhaho ea ho phefumoloha le ho thibela moea ho fihlella, lithethefatsi tsa antiallergic (li-intramuscular or intravenous) li lokela ho tsamaisoa hang-hang.
Tlhahlobo e eketsehileng e itšetlehile ka hore na ke eng e bakoang ke matšoao, hammoho le boima ba lipontšo tsa tleliniki. Ho nka li-antihistamine ho lokela ho lateloa ho fihlela lipontšo tsa mefuta eohle li nyamela.