Lithethefatsi tse entsoeng ke li -cytotoxic ke sehlopha sa lithethefatsi tseo khato ea tsona e leng ho thibela kapa ho thibela mekhoa ea ho arohana ha sele le ho hōla ha lisele tse kopanetsoeng.
Cytostatics e behiloe neng?
Sebaka se ka sehloohong sa tšebeliso ea lithethefatsi tse kotsing ke phekolo ea lihlahala tse bohloko tse khetholloang ke ho arohana ha sele e sa laoleheng (kankere, leukemia , lymphomas, joalo-joalo).
Ka bonyane, liphello tsa lithethefatsi sehlopheng sena li tloaelehile ka mokhoa o tloaelehileng o arola lisele tsa masapo, letlalo, li-membrane, epithelium ea pampiri ea meno. Sena se lumella ho sebelisoa ha cytostatics hape ka maloetse a mangata (lefu la ramatiki, scleroderma, lupus nephritis, boloetse bo botle, bothata ba system, lupus erythematosus, joalo-joalo).
E le karolo ea phekolo e rarahaneng, lithethefatsi tsa cytotoxic li ka tsamaisoa ka molomo ka matlapa, li-capsules, kapa li-injection (ho intravenous, intra-arterial, intraluminal, intravitreal). Nako ea phekolo ea lefuba e khethoa ka matla a lefu lena, katleho le mamello ea meriana.
Lethathamo la li-cytotoxic lithethefatsi
Li-cytostatics li hlophisoa ka morero oa ho laela, 'me lenane lena le na le maemo, hobane lithethefatsi tse ngata tsa sehlopha se le seng li na le mekhoa e ikhethang ea liketso 'me li atleha khahlanong le mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lithethefatsi tse kotsi. Lenane le ka sehloohong la mabitso a lithethefatsi tsa cytotoxic:
1. Litlhare tse nang le lithethefatsi:
- li-alkylsulfonate (Busulfan, Treosulfan);
- ethylenimines (Thiotepa);
- li-derivatives tsa nitrosoureas (Nimustine, Lomustine, Carmustine, Mystophoran, Streptozotocin);
- chloroethylamines (Chlorambucil, Ifosfamide, Bendamustine, Cyclophosphamide, Melphalan, Trophosphamide).
2. Alkaloids ea semela se simolohileng:
- podophyllotoxins (Teniposide, Etoposide);
- li-taxanes (docetaxel, paclitaxel);
- vinaalkaloids (Vindesin, Vincristine, Vinblastine, Vinorelbine).
3. Antimetabolites:
- bahanyetsi ba folic acid (Ralitrexed, Methotrexate);
- Li-antagonists tsa li-purine (Cladribine, Fludarabine, Pentostatin, Thioguanine);
- bahanyetsi ba pyrimidine (cytarabine, capecitabine, gemcitabine, fluorouracil).
4. Li-antibiotics tse nang le ts'ebetso ea boipheliso:
- anthracyclines (Doxorubicin, Daunorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, Mitoxantrone);
- likokoana-hloko tse ling tsa antitumoral (mitomycin, bleomycin, plikamycin, dactinomycin).
5. Li-cytostatics tse ling:
- li-derivatives tsa camptothecin (Irinotecan, Topotecan);
- li-derivatives tsa platinum (Cisplatin, Carboplatin, Oxaliplatin);
- tse ling (Temozolomide, Altrethamine, Estramustine, Amsacrine, L-asparaginase, Dacarbazine, Hydroxycarbamide, Procarbazine).
6. Likokoana-hloko tsa monoclonal (Trastuzumab, Ederkolomab, Rituximab).
7. Li-hormone tsa Cytostatic:
- antiandrogens (cyproterone acetate, bicalutamide, flutamide);
- progestins (Medroxyprogesterone acetate, Megestrol acetate);
- estrogens (Polyestradiol, Phosphastrol);
- li-antiestrogens (Toremifene, Tamoxifen, Droloxifene);
- aromatase inhibitors (Anastrozol, Formestan, Exemestane).
- LH-RH li-agonists (Gocerelin, Buserelin, Leiprolein acetate, Tryptorelin).
Li-cytotoxic baemeli ba ho fokola ha likokoana-hloko
Mafu a boima, cytostatics (mohlala, fluorouracil) e ka sebelisoa bakeng sa kalafo. Mochine oa ketso ea lithethefatsi tsena o amahanngoa le bokhoni ba bona ba ho thibela mosebetsi o tsoileng matsoho oa lisele tsa pancreatic.
Litla-morao tsa Cytostatics
Litla-morao tse tloaelehileng ha ho phekoloa cytostatics ke:
- ho lahleheloa ke moriri;
- letšollo;
- anorexia ;
- ho nyekeloa ke pelo;
- ho hlatsa;
- hlooho;
- bofokoli ba mesifa;
- ho tlōla ha nako ea ho ea khoeling;
- ho hloka matla;
- ntlafatso ea kankere ea mali, joalo-joalo.