E 'ngoe ea khale ka ho fetisisa lefats'eng la Simmental ea likhomo e bōpiloe Switzerland ka phuleng ea Nōka ea Simma. Nakong ea khetho, bohareng ba lekholo la bo19 la lilemo, mehlape e ne e fetohile mefuta e mengata e hlahisoang ke nama le lebese, e atiloeng haholo Europe. Russia, li-Simmentals li ile tsa tlisoa qetellong ea lekholo la bo19 la lilemo.
Mefuta ea likhomo tsa Simmental - sebopeho
Li-simmental tsa bokahohle li bōpiloe lik'honthinenteng tsohle tsa lefats'e, kaha li lumella balemi hore ba be le lebese le nama e le 'ngoe ka nako e le' ngoe. Batho ba Freenki ba se na boikaketsi ho lijo le sebopeho sa litaba. Tlhaloso ea likhomo tsa Simmental tsa likhomo li na le litšobotsi tse joalo:
- Tlhaloso e ntle - ba burrs ba ikutloa ba le maemong a feteletseng.
- Liphoofolo tsena li loketse ho fula marulelong le matsoapong.
- Li-simmentals li na le maoto a maholo le li-hooves, tse hanelang ho senyeha.
- Likhomo tsena ha li phomole, li na le mekhoa e metle le tse sa utloiseng letho. Nakong ea khaello ea lijo, ka boithatelo ba ja joang, ha ba ntse ba beha litholoana le bophelo bo botle.
- Swiss Burenki e na le khotso e nang le khotso, e khetholloa ke mekhoa e metle ea bo-'mè. Genera ho bona, ka molao, tsoela pele ntle le mathata. Mefuta ena ke ea pele-ea ho hōla, lilemo tsa mathoasong a calving ke likhoeli tse 31.
Litšobotsi tsa mofuta oa Simmental
Litšobotsi tse khutšoanyane tsa mefuta ea Simmental:
- Mmala oa likhomo ke a lerootho, a phatsima, ka linako tse ling a khubelu. Ho na le liphoofolo tse 'mala o khubelu tse nang le bohloa-tšoeu kapa batho ba khubelu-motley.
- Horned e na le 'mele oa mesifa, lesapo le matla le le boima. Likhomo li le khōlō, khōlo ha e pona ke masentimita a 136-148, 'mele o pharaletseng, bolelele ba cm 160-165 cm.
- Li-simmentals li fapana le hlooho e khōlō e tiileng le phatleng e khōlō.
- Lipalesa - beige, ntshetswa pele ka tloaelo, nko - e bonolo pinki.
- Moloko ona oa tsebahala ka lebaka la ho ba le sternum le matla, maoto a matla. Sefubelu se tebile (lik'hilograma tse 67-73), se bophara (44-48 cm), se nang le bophahamo bo boholo le sefubeng se tsoetseng pele sa lipoho.
- Batho ba hōlileng tsebong ba na le lik'hilograma tse 550-650, banna - 900-1200 lik'hilograma, ba qeta ho hōla ho fihlela ho lilemo tse 4-5.
Mefuta ea likhomo tsa Simmental
Mefuta ea tlhaho ea likhomo tsa Simmental e bua ka mefuta ea tlhahiso ea tlhahiso ea nama le lebese (e kopantseng) - e fana ka lebese le nama ka chelete e ngata. Ka tšebeliso ea li-simmentals, ho na le mefuta e mengata ea likhomo e bōpiloeng - e khubelu Sadovskaya, Hungarian variegated, bofubelu ba Sebulgaria, li-slope tse khubelu tsa Slovakia, li-monkeybirds le lifofane.
Mefuta ea Simmental ea likhomo - melemo le boiketlo
Lihoai li khetha mofuta oa Simmental oa likhomo pakeng tsa mehlala e meng ea likhomo ka lebaka la melemo ea likoloi tsa mahala:
- Ho ikatisa ha mefuta ea Simmental ho molemo, e fana ka litsela tse peli tse tsoetseng pele haholo moruong - lebese le nama.
- Ho sa tloaeleha furu ea manamane le batho ba baholo.
- Nako e telele ea lebese ho fepa liphoofolo tse nyenyane, e leng ho fokotsa litšenyehelo tsa namane ea fepa.
- Ho ikamahanya habonolo le tikoloho e teng.
- Ho beha litholoana tse babatsehang, tse fetohileng letlotlo le phahameng la liphatsa tsa lefutso ha li tšela likhomo tse ling.
- Ho se ts'oane ha liphoofolo, ho hloka kutloelo-bohloko le bophelo bo botle.
- Nako ea nako e telele ea bophelo, motho ka boeena o na le lipalo tse ntle tsa tlhahiso, esita le ha a le lilemo li 12-14.
Ka linako tse ling ho hlokomoloha mefokolo ena:
- Sebaka se fosahetseng sa maoto le matsoho - ka morao "tlou ea litlou", le ka pele - ho khelosoa ka ntle.
- Khōlo e boima ea kotara ea pele ea lebese.
- Ka morao molala.
- Sefuba se hatisitsoeng haholo.
- Ka linako tse ling, "fatder udder" e tsejoa.
Tlhahiso ea mefuta ea Simmental
Lebese la mofuta ona o na le tatso e babatsehang, e khetholloa ke karolo e kholo ea protheine, e phethahetseng bakeng sa ho etsa li-cheeses. Freenki e ka ithorisa ka tsela e babatsehang ea ho pata. Ke mefuta efe e mengata ea Simmental e fanang ka lebese: 3.5 - lithane tse 5 ka selemo, ka mekhahlelo e metle - ho fihlela lithane tse 6, litlaleho ke lithane tse 12-14. Lihlahisoa tsa mafura - hoo e ka bang 4% (ho fihlela ho 6%). Ho hlahisa phoofolo e le 'ngoe ke lilemo tse 15, ka nako eo ho ka khonehang hore u fumane lithane tse ka bang 52 tsa lebese ka mokhoa o tsitsitseng oa lactation.
Liphoofolo tse hōlileng tsebong li eketsa boima ba tsona ka potlako le ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, ka boholo ba likete tse 1300 tsa likhomo. Likhomo li lekanya pakeng tsa 500 le 1000 lik'hilograma. Nakong ea polao, moloko o nontšitsoeng o fana ka karolo ea 56% ea nama ho boima ba 'ona, le lipoho le ho feta - ho fihlela ho 65%. Nama ea likhomo e khetholloa ke boleng ba eona bo botle, lik'hilograma tse phahameng, li na le likhoele tse bonolo le tse nang le mafura a ho fihlela ho 12%.
Ho fatila ha likhomo tsa poho tsa Simmental
Li-Simmentals li 'nile tsa iponahatsa li le ngata ka nako e telele nakong ea kgolo. Li-calves li thehoa tse kholo, 35-45 lik'hilograma, li eketsa boima ba tsona ha li le likhoeli tse tšeletseng ka likhoeli tse tšeletseng. Ho hōla ha bacha ho bonolo - liphoofolo lia sebetsa, ha ho hlokahale hore ho be le tikoloho e sa tloaelehang bakeng sa nts'etsopele le tlhokomelo e eketsehileng.
Bakeng sa ho fumana nama, lihoai li eletsoa ho nonnella liphoofolo tsa poho tsa Simmental. Ha ba le sethaleng ba ka eketsa 1-1.1 lik'hilograma ka letsatsi ho boima. Ha a le likhoeli tse 12 boima ba pohoana e ka bang lik'hilograma tse 400, namane ka selemo e boima ka lik'hilograma tse 100. Libeke tse 8 tsa pele tsa namane li fepa feela ka lihlahisoa tsa lebese. Ho tloha likhoeling tse 3 ho isa ho 6-6, phoofolo e rua liprotheine tse ngata, kaha ho lekanngoa ho na le molemo bakeng sa lijo-thollo, furu e ngata (joang bo botala bo botala ba lehlabula), meroho. Ka likhoeli tse 15-20 tsa bahlankana ba batona, ba hōlileng bakeng sa ho nona fatše, 'me manamane a lahliloeng a romeloa ho hlajoa.