Pneumocystis pneumonia ke ts'oaetso e tšoaetsanoang matšoafong a bakoang ke li-fung tse kang lipeo Pneumocystis jirovecii (pneumocysts). Tšoaetso e ka hlaha ka marotholloa a sefofane. Likokoana-hloko tsena li fumanoa matšoafong a batho ba bangata ba phetseng hantle, empa li bakela maloetse feela ka maemo a sa tšoaneng.
Ho fokolloa ke tšoaetso ea mafu e ka 'na ea e-ba ka lebaka la lintlha tse latelang:
- phepo e mpe;
- phekolo ea lithibela-mafu;
- mokhoa oa chemotherapy;
- mafu a mali;
- ho ima;
- ho amohela lithethefatsi tsa immunosuppressive (mohlala, ka ho kenya setopo), joalo-joalo.
Leha ho le joalo, hangata lefu lena le fumanoa ho batho ba nang le ts'oaetso ea 'mele ea ho itšireletsa mafung, e bakoang ke tšoaetso ea HIV (AIDS). Pneumocystis pneumonia e ngolisitsoe ka 70% ea batho ba nang le tšoaetso ea HIV.
Pneumocystis pneumonia e qala joang?
Mahlaseli a tšoaetsanoang a kena 'meleng oa motho ka tsela ea phefumoloho. Ho fihlella lumen ea bronchi e nyane le alveoli, ba qala ho atisa ka mafolofolo. Nakong ena, li-mucus li qala ho bokella pampiring ea phefumoloho, e leng se sitisang moea ho tsoela pele.
Metabolite e hlahisitsoeng nakong ea ntshetsopele ea pneumocyst e kenella mali le ho hlahisa tlhahiso ea li-antibodies tse itseng. Sena se baka ho ruruha ha marako a alveoli a matšoafo, a bakang le ho senyeha ha ho hema. Khatelo-pele ea ts'ebetso e lebisa ho pulmonary fibrosis, emphysema ea matšoafo, e koetsoeng pneumothorax e ka boela ea hlaha. Maemong a sa tloaelehang, li-pneumocyst li hlasela litho tse ling (sebete, liphio, spleen).
Matšoao a pneumonia ea Pneumocystis
Ho qala ha lefu lena hangata ho matla, 'me ho khetholloa ka litsela tse latelang:
- keketseho e nyenyane mocheso oa 'mele;
- hlooho;
- bonolo dyspnoea ka boiteko ba 'mele;
- bofokoli bo boholo;
- ho fufuleloa ho eketsehileng;
- bohloko bofubeng;
- ho khohlela (hangata ho omeletse, ho le mongobo, hangata hangata - ka ho lokolloa ha spamum ea foamy).
Ka mor'a libeke tse peli kapa tse peli, matšoao a latelang a ka hlaha:
- feberu;
- dyspnea ho phomola;
- ho khohlela ho eketsehileng;
- cyanosis ea boraro ba mararo;
- acrocyanosis;
- ho tlosoa ha sebaka sa intercostal.
Batho ba nang le tšoaetso ea HIV, boloetse bona bo hlahisa butle-butle, matšoao a pulmonary a ka bonahala feela ka mor'a libeke tse 4 ho isa ho tse 12. Bakeng sa bakuli ba joalo, pneumonia ea pneumocystic e atisa ho kopantsoe le mafu a mang, kahoo ho bonahala eka tahiloe e ka pele setšoantšong sa tleliniking.
Tlhahlobo ea PCP
Tlhahlobo e thehiloe ho radiography kapa computed tomography. Hlalosa moemeli oa causative oa tšoaetso o ka khoneha ka tlhahlobo ea hertological ea bronchoalveolar ho hloekisa metsi le transbronchial biopsies, e etsoang ke mokhoa oa fibrobronchoscopy.
Phekolo ea PCP
Bakuli ba nang le setšoantšo sa bophelo bo botle ba lefu lena ba kenngoa sepetlele, ho phekoloa ha PCP le HIV ho boetse ho etsoa ka maemo a ho kula. Phekolo ea meriana e khethiloeng,
- li-anti-inflammatory drugs;
- li-expectorant , mucolytics;
- li-immunomodulators, joalo-joalo.
Meriana e kholo e amang pneumocyst ke trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole le pentamidine isothionate. Bakuli ba AIDS ba atisa ho behoa alpha-difluoromethylornithine. Ho haelloa ke oksijene ho khothalletsoa oksijene.